Broadway specifically refers to the street of the same name in New York City that became known for this style. Broadway Musical a style of Musical Theatre, which integrated a cohesive plot with songs and dances that advanced that plot. Today, the word "blues" is used loosely and can refer to feeling sad or down, to any song played in a bluesy style, or more specifically, to a song that follows a blues form, which is a twelve-bar strophic song form. Bluegrass a variation of country music featuring fiddle, guitar, mandolin, bass guitar, and the five-string banjo that developed largely in the Appalachian region Blues a style of music that, at the turn of the twentieth century, began to form out of African American work songs, field hollers, and spirituals. The term "Big Band" also refers to the era in which these bands were popular. Bebop - a style of small group jazz developed in the late 1940s, which featured fast moving harmonies, angular melodies, and highly complex rhythmsīig Band large jazz ensembles (15–20 members) popular in the 1930s and 1940s. Although America was not yet discovered during much of the early development of Western art music, we have contributed much to the culture of the world in a relatively short span of time.Ĩ.10 Glossary Ballads a song form used often in folk music, which is used to tell a story that usually contains a moral or lesson. At their root, all forms of American popular music have been influenced by the blues, and thus owe their existence to the cultural contributions of African Americans. Genres such as rock and roll and rap have now been exported around the globe. The importance of American popular music of the twentieth century cannot be overstated. We also discussed American opera in the form of Gershwin's folk opera, Porgy and Bess. Today, American musical theatre takes the form of the Broadway musical, which features a strong plot conveyed through dialogue and supported by song and dance.
From the minstrel songs of Stephen Foster, which glorified the plantation South, to the operettas of Victor Herbert, which dominated musical theatre at the turn of the nineteenth century, America has a rich history of song and dance. We examined Western swing as a subset of country music that often uses dance band instruments, and recognized contemporary country music as a mixture of rock and country styles.Īmerica was also home to a wide variety of styles of musical theatre. In the realm of country music, we learned about bluegrass music, which developed largely in the Appalachian region, as well as honky-tonk and hillbilly music, both of which were variations of country music. We also investigated how rock music incorporated the blues and an emphasis on beats two and four borrowed from jazz to create an exciting new music that appealed to the youth culture. We also learned that folk music in America largely developed from music of the British Isles and Europe, as well as the music brought here by African slaves. We explored the wide variety of folk songs in America. We discussed the evolution of rhythm and blues (R&B) into modern R&B and learned to identify rap music as a style based on two central elements a strong rhythmic beat and lyrics. This was followed by the "big bands" of the 1930s and 1940s, and later the small groups, or combos that performed the highly sophisticated music known as bebop.
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We saw Louis Armstrong rise to international fame as a jazz performer, recording artist, and movie star. Scott Joplin and others developed the distinct style that was called "ragtime," which contributed, along with other African American music styles to the formation of jazz in and around New Orleans. We also learned that from the country's colonial beginnings to the present day, the musical, societal, and cultural establishment has not always approved of popular music-particularly ragtime, blues, and jazz. We learned about the emphasis on rhythm inherited from African roots, and that syncopation refers to accented notes that are not on the beat. In this chapter, we learned that ragtime, New Orleans jazz, and the blues are all critical to the creation and growth of the popular music we enjoy today. The musical styles that have developed in the United States are as varied as the people who live here. Understanding Music: Past and Present 8.9 Chapter Summary
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